What are Working of already designed products?

Working:

In order to superimpose virtual onto real content, the AR systems needs to be able to match the users viewing perspective onto the scenery and the virtual content that shall be shown. The recognition of space and objects placed in the scenery appears to be trivial and natural to a human being, but is a complex task for a computer system. In order to superimpose realistically virtual images on the view of the real world, AR systems rely on various tracking methods. Tracking allows for a constant determination of the position and orientation of parts of the AR system, the user and/or objects in the environment in relation to each other. Depending on the AR application the requirements for the tracking system differ significantly, but generally the tracking should have the following ideal characteristics:

• 1. Flawless and precise.
• 
  
• 2. Robust.
• 
  
• 3. Zero latency.
• 
  
• 4. 6-Degrees of freedom.
• 
  
• 5. Universally applicable.
• 
  
• 6. Easy to deploy and use.
• 
  
• 7. Affordable.

It is possible to categorize tracking systems by the means of their principal tracking concept into Outside-In and Inside-Out systems. E.g. a system that uses a marker placed on a head-mounted-display that is captured with one or multiple cameras placed in a room is categorized as Outside-In. The camera images are used to determine the position and orientation of the marker and thus the display on the users head. The objects are basically tracked from the “outside”.

Inside-Out systems reverse this principle. The objects are equipped with sensors that allow the objects to be tracked from the “inside”. E.g. the head-mounted-display could be equipped with camera sensors capturing markers that are placed within the room. Beside these basic categorization it is possible to further categorize tracking systems on the basis of the used physical principle. Tracking systems are based on:

• • creating and measuring artificial magnetic fields,
• 
  
• • inertial sensors measuring the orientation and positional change,
• 
  
• • attached mechanical arms determining the position and orientation,
• 
  
• • runtime based methods and
• 
  
• • optical or image processing based methods.

In the field of AR especially the optical tracking methods are popular. Mobile handheld AR applications mostly rely on printed marker, GPS position, magnetic- and inertial-sensing. Recently Microsoft Hololens and Google Project Tango entered public beta phase, which are relying on markerless optical tracking methods.